Ground source (Geothermal) heat pumps are used for water heating as well as space heating and cooling.
Geothermal Heat Pumps operate on the fact that the earth beneath the surface remains at a constant temperature throughout the year (+-9 Celsius), and thus the ground acts as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer.
In addition to ground source heat pumps there are also water source heat pumps. These water source heat pumps extract heat from water bodies such as ground water aquifers, ponds and lakes using collection pipe-work and transfer it into the building in a similar manner to that of ground source heat pumps.
Air-to-water heat pumps operate on the same principle as reversible air conditioners.
Air source heat pumps may be more suitable where ground space limited or where there is no access to a water body or well.
As such, air source heat pumps will be more practical if you living in an apartment, densely housed estate or commercial properties. Air source heat pumps are more suitable when retrofitting as you will not need to dig up established gardens or driveways.
In cold weather, air source heat pumps move heat energy from the external air to the insulated heating system inside the building. In summer, they have the ability to operate as air conditioners by removing heat from the building.
The heat pump itself can be installed within the building while the intake fan can be installed at a convenient outdoor location up to 40 metres away from the building.
Ground source heat pumps work better in Ireland due to the fact that the ground remains at an almost constant temperature, whereas the efficiency of air source heat pumps will fall in winter when air temperatures fall and the pumps have to work harder to raise the temperature to the required level for use within the building.
Air source heat pumps do however cost much less to install and are particularly suitable to retrofit projects in existing buildings.
Water source heat pumps work in a similar way to ground source systems, except that they use an "open loop" collector where underground water such as from a well is circulated through the pipe loops.
Due to the relatively high temperature of underground water the efficiency of a water source heat pump typically exceeds 500%.
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